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Everyone experiences itching from time to time, and it is not a serious problem for most people. When an itch occurs, the natural tendency is to scratch, which creates a competing sensation of pain and, thus, makes the itch seem less irritating. Excessive scratching should be avoided, however, since it can lead to bleeding and infection. In addition, itching can be a symptom of a number of illnesses, environmental conditions, and psychological problems.

Causes of itching

Adverse drug reactions
A number of medications can cause itching. Some of the most common examples are penicillin and other antibiotics, barbiturates, and aspirin and aspirin-like drugs. Sometimes the itching may not occur until the drugs have been used for several days. Any itching or other adverse drug reaction should be reported to your doctor as soon as possible.

Allergies
Allergic reactions can cause itching of the eyes and nose, or the eruptions of itchy hives or skin rashes. The reaction may be due to direct contact, such as poison ivy, or from foods, medications, or other ingested substances.

Dry skin
The most common cause of itching without any sign of a rash is dry skin. This is more prevalent among the elderly and in the wintertime when the air is very dry, but it can also occur in excessively humid weather.

Eczema
Eczema is characterized by an itchy red rash. There may be small blisters that "weep" and become crusted. It tends to be chronic, and may be related to other skin conditions, such as allergic or contact dermatitis.

Infections
Certain infections, especially those caused by a fungus or

yeast, can cause itching. Common examples include vaginitis, athletes foot, and ringworm.

Parasitic infestations and insect bites
Almost everyone has experienced the itching from a mosquito or other insect bite. The itching is a reaction to saliva or venom that is injected under the skin. Parasites that live on or just under the human skin also can cause intense itching.

Rashes
A number of diseases produce itchy rashes — chickenpox and its adult variation, shingles (herpes zoster), are perhaps the most familiar.

Systemic diseases
Itching is sometimes a symptom associated with serious systemic diseases. Examples include kidney disease, lymphoma, leukemia, obstructed bile ducts, jaundice, thyroid disorders, and others. Any generalized itching without an apparent cause should be checked by your doctor.

Psychological causes
Stress and emotional problems can produce itching. If no

physical cause can be identified for persistent itching, then a psychological evaluation may be helpful.