Formula Medical Group
Apple Valley, CA
760-242-1234


James Krider, MD


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Nausea/vomiting - emesis

Everyone experiences occasional periods of feeling tired or worn out. Typically, a good night's sleep or a change of scene resolves the problem. If, however, the fatigue is chronic and it is accompanied by other symptoms, it can be a warning sign of a number of medical conditions.

Various infections invariably leave a person feeling tired, often long after the disease is cleared up. Many medications also produce fatigue. If you feel Nausea, the feeling of being sick to one's stomach, usually precedes and accompanies vomiting, which is a reflex triggered by the brain. Both nausea and vomiting may be caused by a wide range of factors, including motion sickness, food poisoning, viruses, bacterial infections, drugs, certain foods, emotional upsets, and many others. While the symptoms themselves are unpleasant, they usually do not indicate a serious disease. In some instances, however, nausea and/or vomiting may signify a serious illness.

Causes of nausea/vomiting

Acute gastritis
This condition usually comes on suddenly and disappears quickly. There may be a severe, burning pain or sensation of pressure in the pit of the stomach, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. If the symptoms are severe or the vomit contains a large amount of blood, seek immediate medical attention.

Acute glaucoma
Glaucoma is a serious eye disease that can cause blindness. The acute form is a medical emergency that often requires prompt surgery. A severe headache and vomiting may occur, along with diminished vision, dilated pupils, and the appearance of colored halos around electric lights.

Cancer
Several types of cancer may produce vomiting and nausea along with other symptoms. Often the first signs of stomach cancer are vomiting blood accompanied by sudden abdominal pain and black or tarry stools. Headaches, vision problems, and vomiting may indicate brain cancer. Intestinal cancers, especially of the gallbladder and liver, may also produce nausea and

Emotional upset, food poisoning or serious illness can produce nausea and vomiting

Emotions, food poisoning or serious illness can produce nausea.

vomiting in addition to abdominal pain.

Eating disorders
Self-induced vomiting is usually a sign of an eating disorder. The most common eating disorders occur with greatest frequency in adolescent girls who are obsessed with their weight even though they may be of normal weight or even markedly underweight.

Gallbladder disease
Intense abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, especially after eating a fatty or heavy meal, are possible symptoms of gallbladder disease. The problem is often due to gallstones, which may obstruct the bile ducts.

Infectious diseases
Vomiting is characteristic in almost all serious infectious diseases, particularly meningitis, encephalitis, and ear infections. It also may occur in food poisoning and flu.

Kidney diseases
Vomiting is a symptom of many kidney and urinary disorders, especially glomerular disease, infectious nephritis, and acute kidney failure.

Liver diseases
Cirrhosis, hepatitis, and other liver disorders can produce serious nausea and vomiting. These symptoms accompanied by a yellowing of the skin and eye whites (jaundice) require prompt medical treatment.

Migraine headaches
Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms of migraine headaches. Sometimes after vomiting, the headache goes away. In other instances, it may be part of the initial symptoms, which often include visual disturbances and dizziness.

Pancreatitis
The pancreas produces important digestive enzymes, and specialized cells within the

organ make insulin and other hormones. Inflammation of the pancreas can cause abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Peptic ulcers
Vomiting blood and a penetrating pain in the upper abdomen are classic symptoms of a peptic ulcer. If the ulcer perforates, peritonitis may develop. This is signaled by vomiting, writhing pain, a rigid abdomen, a fast heartbeat, and a high fever.

Pregnancy
Morning sickness, consisting of nausea and sometimes vomiting, is a classic symptom during the early weeks of pregnancy. The discomfort ranges from mild to severe, and about two-thirds of pregnant women can expect to experience it.

Advice about nausea/vomiting

  • Short-lived nausea and vomiting that are related to motion sickness, a mild viral infection, or emotional upset usually are not a cause for concern.
  • Nausea and vomiting that are side effects of medication often can be avoided by timing the intake of food. For example, avoid all foods and fluids for at least 8 hours before undergoing general anesthesia. Ask a doctor or pharmacist whether taking antibiotics and other drugs with meals might reduce nausea.
  • Nausea and vomiting ac­ companied by a high fever, pain, diarrhea, and profuse sweating warrant seeing a doctor as soon as possible.
  • Prolonged vomiting can lead to dehydration, especially if it is accompanied by diarrhea and occurs in a baby or young child. Make sure that extra fluids are administered to prevent dehydration from developing.
This article was last reviewed November 10, 2005 by Dr. James Krider.
Reproduced in part with permission of Home Health Handbook.
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia
Cancer, brain
Cancer, gallbladder/bile
Cancer, liver
Cancer, stomach
Cirrhosis
Ear infection
Encephalitis, viral
Fatty liver disease
Food poisoning
Gallstones
G
astritis, acute
Giardiasis
Glaucoma, acute
Infectious hepatitis
Kidney, glomerular dis
Kidney failure, acute
Liver fibrosis
Meningitis
Migraine headache
Morning sickness
Nephritis, acute
Pancreatitis
Peptic ulcer
Peritonitis
Salmonella infections


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